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چکیده
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In order to reduce salinity stress damages in Salvia offcinalis, a factorial experiment was designed and implemented based on a randomized complete block with three replications. The first factor was included 0, 10%, and 15% methanolic extracts of Zataria multiflora and Satureja bachtiarica, and the second was different salinity stress levels (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl). The results showed that the best plant growth traits, anthocyanin concentration, and ascorbate peroxidase activity were obtained by 10% S. bachtiarica extract under normal condition. The highest leaf area, relative water content, antioxidant activity, protein, and catalase activity, and the lowest amount of electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, and superoxide dismutase activity were recorded by 10% Z. multiflora application at the absence of salinity stress. Parameters such as fresh and dry weight of leaves, net photosynthetic rate, and carotenoids were higher in 15% Z. multiflora treatment at non-stress situation. Best results of phenols and flavonoid concentrations were obtained at 100 mM NaCl, and the highest concentration of flavanols, MDA, and proline were observed in salt-affected plants (200 mM NaCl) without using extracts. Considering that various concentrations of the tested methanolic extracts have improved the physio-chemical traits, these extracts (especially 10% S. bachtiarica) can be presented as an effective natural plant biostimulant to ameliorate growth parameters and salinity tolerance in S. officinalis, thus limiting water, soil, and environmental pollution.
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