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چکیده
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The rapid growth of the population, urban expansion, industrialization, and increasing urbanization have significantly contributed to rising pollution levels in metropolitan areas. Among various pollution sources, vehicles account for approximately 70% of air pollution, with internal combustion engine vehicles playing a major role in environmental degradation. To mitigate vehicle emissions, modern automakers have integrated metallic catalytic converters that transform harmful pollutants into less toxic or non-toxic substances. This study examines the effectiveness of a copper-based catalyst and biochar stabilized on a monolith in altering the composition of exhaust gases (O₂, CO, CO₂, HC, and NOx) emitted by the XU7 engine. Two key variables are analyzed: copper metal content (1 mmol and 2 mmol) and catalyst thickness (8 cm and 16 cm). The results indicate that the developed catalyst significantly reduces exhaust gas emissions from the XU7 engine, aligning with environmental standards. Specifically, the catalyst facilitates the absorption of 0.002 grams of carbon monoxide (CO), which is oxidized into carbon dioxide (CO₂). Additionally, 0.7375 grams of hydrocarbons (HC) react with oxygen to form carbon dioxide and water vapor. Furthermore, manganese oxides in the catalyst aid in the reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx), leading to the absorption of 0.0019 grams of NOx pollutants. By implementing the findings of this study and adhering to the recommended guidelines, significant pollution reduction can be achieved, paving the way for enhanced environmental sustainability.
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