عنوان	Afforestation with Pinus nigra Arn ssp salzmannii along an elevation gradient: controlling factors and implications for climate change adaptation
نوع پژوهش	مقاله چاپ‌شده در مجلات علمی
کلیدواژه‌ها	afforestation; seedling survival; Spanish black pine; transplantation; climate
چکیده	Spanish black pine (Pinus nigra Arn ssp. salzmannii) is the most widely distributed pine species in mountain areas of the Mediterranean Basin and is commonly used for afforestation in endangered and degraded areas. Despite its importance, little is known regarding the factors driving seedling survival for this species, which may hamper afforestation success in Mediterranean areas. In this study, we assessed the effects of seed origin and plantation site along a natural gradient with contrasting elevation and climatic conditions in a Mediterranean forest in Central-Eastern Spain. Our results showed: i) higher seedling survival rates when seed origin differed from plantation site (25.3 ± 5.4%) compared to same origin and plantation site (5.3 ± 2.7%); (ii) higher survival probability (~ 20%) for high and medium elevation seeds (colder and wetter locations) compared to the warmer and drier low elevation sites (15%); (iii) higher seedling survival (~ 40%) at higher elevation sites compared to low-elevation sites (< 20%); and (iv) increased hazard of seedling death with decreasing elevation of the plantation site. We also reported a complete mortality at the drier sites after the first summer following plantation. Overall, the combination of seeds from medium elevation and high elevation plantation sites increased the survival of Spanish black pine. These results have direct implications for forest management of Spanish black pine in Mediterranean regions, particularly in current and future climate change scenarios.
پژوهشگران	مانول استبان (نفر اول)، جینگ (نفر دوم)، دیوید کندل (نفر سوم)، میثاق پرهیزکار (نفر چهارم)، فرانسیسکو ریچا (نفر پنجم)، مریم موناز (نفر ششم به بعد)، دیمتریو زیما (نفر ششم به بعد)، مهدی حیدری (نفر ششم به بعد)