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چکیده
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Today, reducing costs, energy, and environmental impacts, in addition to increasing technical performance, are important goals of agriculture and industry sectors. The present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the status of environmental indicators of the dryland and irrigated wheat production systems. The required information was obtained from 100 wheat production farms through questionnaire method. After calculating the input and outputs, environmental indicators were calculated by life cycle assessment method. A novel index as “input to total output” was formulated to evaluate the efficiency of using/consuming each input in production systems. In average, the values of input to total output index for all inputs in dryland wheat production system were 1.45 times higher than those of the irrigated system. In average, the environmental indicators of the dryland wheat production systems had 1.85 times higher values than those of the irrigated systems. Marine water ecotoxicity was the indicator with highest value for both production systems as 12.33 × 104 and 8.22 × 104 kg 1.4 DB eq and the indicator with lowest value was ozone layer depletion as 3.54 × 10− 5 and 1.90 × 10− 5 kg CFC − 11 eq for dryland and irrigated wheat production systems, respectively. In both production systems, nitrogen had the greeted share in all environmental indicators from 15 to 80 %, except for eutrophication and acidification potential which were mostly affected by emissions of wheat farms.
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