|
چکیده
|
Information on seedling emergence of Solanum villosum is important to improve its management. A two-year fi eld experiment was conducted to study the eff ect of soil burial depth on seedling emergence of this weed. On hundred seeds per pot of the species were buried in January 2010 and 2011outdoors at the depths of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 cm in a strip plot design with four replicates. Thereafter, the number of emerged seedlings and soil temperature at all depths were recorded. The pots were kept moist during the experiment. In 2010, the seedling emergence was 34.8%±7.5% (SEM) for seeds placed at the soil surface and emergence decreased with increasing soil depth (19.3%±5.2% at 2 cm and 18.5%±4.9 at 4 cm depth). It reached 33.8%±7.4% at a depth of 6 cm. The maximum emergence (53%±8.3%) was observed at 8 cm depth followed by decrease again at 10 cm depth (6.8%±2%). In 2011, the seedling emergence was 33.8%±6.5% for seeds placed at the soil surface and emergence decreased at depth of 2 cm (10.8%±4.6%) followed by increase at 4 cm (17%±5.9%) and 6 cm (47.3%±9.9%) depths. It reached a maximum (64%±9.9%) at 8 cm followed by 57.5%±6.8% emergence at 10 cm depth. In 2010, seedling emergences took place from mid-February until mid-May with main fl ush from end of March to early April. In 2011, seedling emergences took place from late-February until late-May with main fl ush from late March to early April. The mean daily soil temperature was almost the same at all depths, however, the fl uctuation in temperature was highest at soil surface and the fl uctuation decreased with depth. This information could be used to apply soil disturbance measures to improve control of the species and deplete its seedbank.
|