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چکیده
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Implications Medicinal plant and their essential oils extracts such as Sunac (Rhus coriaria) and Syrian mesquite (Prosopis Jitrcta) could enhance feed digestibility, microbial population of digestive tract and thus growth t.'hen fed to broiler chickens. Introduction With the removal of antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs) from poultry diets in European Union, the search for growth promoting and immune system-strengthening alternatives is necessary (Dong er al., 2001). [n recent years special attention has been paid to the use of essential oils as natural grou'th enhancer (Cross et al., 2OA7). The objective of this study was therefore, to investigate the effect of extracts from Prosopis farcta afld Rhus coriaria th?it *uirrty contains active compound such as methyl gallate, 4-methoxy-3,5- dihydroxybenzoic acid, and gallic acid on growth, ileal digestibility of dietary dry matter , gross energy and crude protein , and microbial count rvhen fed to broiler chickens. Material and methods Three hundred l-d-old male Ross 308 broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments (5 pen replicates; 15 birds/pen) and grown over a 28-d experimental period. Birds were allowed ad libitum access to n'ater and commercial broiler standard diet (Aviagen Ltd., UK). Dietary treatments included a basal diet (negative control, NE) and 3 similar diets that were supplemented with 200 mg/kg (same dosage) of Rlas coriaria exftact (SE), Rftas coriaria extract (SME), and ox5rtetracycline 20Yo (positive control, PC), respectively. Forry eight hours before the collection of ileal samples, Celite (10 glkg; Celite*545, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was incorporated into all diets as a source of acid insoluble ash (AIA) for determination of ileal nutrient digestibility, and content of the AIA in diet and ileum u'ere measured according to Mccarthy et al. (1974). Fresh cecal contents of the respective treatment birds were first homogenized and then diluted l0-fold by weight in buffered peptone \.,!'ater, were serially diluted in 0.85% sterile saline solution and used for enumeration of Streptococci, Lactobacilli, coliforms, and total aerobics bacteria. Results Body weights of all treated groups were significantly increased by supplementation of broilers' diet with feed additive, feed conversion ratio were not significantly (P>0.05) affected. Ileal DM digestibility r.ras significantly (P:0.036) increased in birds on SME and PC diets. There were significant differences in ileal GE digestibility (P:0.030), but not in CP digestibilirylF0.0s) of birds fed diflerent additivei. All treated groups showed significantly decreased (P<0.05) total aerobic bacteria and coliforms loads in the broilers' ceca. In addition, the number of Lactobacilli in the ceca of those fed the PC diet was significantly reduced (P:0.005) when compared with other treatments Table 1 Effects of different treatmentsr on rformance of broiler chickens2 Performance Treatments NC SME PC Statistics SE SEM] P-value Body weight (g) Feed conversion ratio Ileal DM digestibility Ileal GE digestibilify t275 1356u 1404^ l3g2u 22.35 0.003 1.88 1.83 r.78 1.82 0.776b O-824,e 0.852" 0.844^ 0.783b 0.832^ 0.947u 0.8250 Ileal CP digestibility 0.754 0.744 0.77.6 0.782 0.012 0.139 i Total aerobics 10.38' g.78b 9.61b 9.52b 0.145 0.011 : Lactobacilli 1.0.150b g.66b 10.32" 9.02" 0.194 0.005 ; coliforms 9.76" 930b 8.66" 9.03b" 0.134 0.0Q , SME, and PC : similar diets that were supplemented with 200 mg/kg Rhus coriaria extract, Rhus coriaria extract, antl oxytetracycline20Yo (positive control), respictively. 2values are tG means of 5 observations per diet. 3Standard error oh ! the mean. i Conclusion It could be concluded that each of the two plant extracts used in the study could have potentials as a natura'l and suitable growth promoters as antibiotics. References Cross, D.E., Mcdevitt, R.M., Hiltnan, K., Acamovic,T.,2007. British Poultry Science 48,496-506. Dong, X.F., Gao, W.W., Tong, J.M.,Ib" H.Q., Sa, R.N., Zhang, Q., 2007. Poultry Science 86, 1955-1959. Mccarthy, J.F., Aherene, F.Z.; Okiq D.8.,1974. Joumal of Animal Science 54' 107-lll.
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