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چکیده
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Hydrogen is a vital energy carrier owing to its cost-effectiveness, abundance, and eco-friendly properties. However, the depletion of fossil fuels and rising pollution levels have spurred the search for sustainable alternatives, with water electrolysis emerging as a promising solution due to its high efficiency and low environmental impact-producing hydrogen at the cathode and oxygen at the anode. A key research focus is developing low-cost, highly efficient, and stable catalysts to replace expensive noble metals like platinum, which, despite being the state-of-the-art catalyst, faces limitations due to scarcity and high cost. This underscores the need for alternatives such as non-noble metals, metal composites, and metal-free electrocatalysts. This review highlights recent advances in electrochemical hydrogen production via water electrolysis using transition metal sulfides (TMS)-including molybdenum, tungsten, cobalt, iron, zinc, manganese, copper, and nickel sulfides-and their composites for the hydrogen evolution reaction. The aim is to guide the design and synthesis of scalable TMS-based electrocatalysts for practical hydrogen production.
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