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چکیده
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Urban green spaces represent a highly effective strategy for mitigating elevated air temperatures and reducing the intensity of the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Existing research on the cooling effects of urban parks and gardens has been relatively limited, often relying on two-dimensional analyses and remote sensing methodologies. This study aims to address this gap by utilizing local weather station data, conducting three-dimensional analyses, and employing Envi-met simulations to investigate the role of urban parks and gardens in alleviating urban heat. The primary objective of this research is to examine the thermal conditions of urban green spaces and their contributions to mitigating the magnitude of the UHI within urban canyons surrounding these green spaces in Shiraz, Iran. The methods used in this study include field measurement, and simulation using ENVI-met. The simulation results demonstrated that the urban green space geometry in Shiraz had a cooling effect of about 5°C. The cooling impact was extended to the surrounding areas (up to 140 meters away). It was also found that the percentage of pavement was directly related to the increase of air temperature in surrounding urban canyons. Additionally, studying the orientation of urban canyons around the examined urban green spaces demonstrated that better thermal conditions are achieved by moving further west, ultimately reducing the intensity of UHI. Furthermore, examination of the thermal conditions of the study sites indicated that the average value of Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) in Shiraz in summer lays within the range of extreme heat stress (47.8°C).
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