|
چکیده
|
Epigenetics encompasses heritable changes in gene expression that occur without modifications to the underlying DNA sequence and are regulated through mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, and non-coding RNAs. In livestock science and veterinary medicine, epigenetics plays a key role in shaping phenotypic traits, regulating immune function, and influencing susceptibility to diseases, as well as affecting growth, reproduction, and production efficiency. Research increasingly shows that epigenetic modifications contribute to economically important traits, including meat and milk yield, carcass quality, reproductive success, disease resistance, and environmental adaptability. Epigenetic regulation is also central to animal health, as it mediates responses to pathogens, vaccines, nutrition, stress, and various management practices. Evidence indicates that certain epigenetic marks can be passed across generations, providing valuable insights into the “missing heritability” of complex traits. Advances in high-throughput sequencing, single-cell technologies, and integrative multi-omics now support the practical integration of epigenetic data into breeding programs and veterinary interventions. This emerging knowledge facilitates the identification of early biomarkers for selection and disease monitoring, enhances predictive power for health and production traits, and improves management and nutritional strategies. Ultimately, the incorporation of epigenetic information alongside conventional genomic tools holds significant potential for promoting sustainable, resilient, and health-oriented livestock production.
|