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کلیدواژهها
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Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Vitamin E, Ginseng, ID4, DDX4, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Gene expression.
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چکیده
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Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neuroinflammatory disorder characterized by oxidative stress, inflammation, and progressive cellular dysfunction. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin E and ginseng supplementation on the expression levels of ID4 and DDX4 genes, as well as oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in an experimental model of MS. MS induction resulted in a significant downregulation of ID4 and DDX4 expression compared with the healthy control group. Furthermore, MS was associated with a marked elevation in inflammatory and oxidative stress markers, indicating enhanced tissue damage and impaired cellular homeostasis. Treatment with vitamin E and ginseng significantly reversed these alterations by increasing the expression levels of ID4 and DDX4 while reducing inflammatory and oxidative stress indices. The observed improvements were statistically significant compared with the untreated MS group (p < 0.05). These findings suggest that vitamin E and ginseng exert protective effects against MS-induced molecular and biochemical disturbances, potentially through their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The restoration of ID4 and DDX4 expression highlights their possible role in mediating the beneficial effects of these interventions. Therefore, vitamin E and ginseng may represent promising therapeutic candidates for alleviating MS-related pathological changes. Keywords: Multiple sclerosis, Vitamin E, Ginseng, ID4, DDX4, Oxidative stress, Inflammation, Gene expression.
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