Background: The purpose of this study was to examine how year, genotype, and their interactions affect agromorpho/phenological and quality variables in a population of 15 newly created doubled-haploid winter camelina lines. The study was conducted in the field using a split-plot design with three replications over the course of three consecutive years (2022–2024). Moreover, the research unveils two novel stability indices, namely: ASP1 and ASP2, marking a significant advancement in the field of agronomy and plant breeding. Results: The findings showed that genotype (all factors except plant height and seeds per pod) and years (all traits) had a substantial impact on phenological, thousand-seed weight, and seed yield. The first three lines with the greatest concentrations of glucosinolate were line 15, Soheil variety and line 2 (in 2023 and 2024). In three years, line 7 demonstrated an early flowering genotype, while lines e.g. 8 and 14 demonstrated early ripening in every year. Days to ripening, seed yield, days to flowering and oil content, showed a gradual first IPCA score explained in a range of 79.3 to 98.3% of the variation in the interaction effect, respectively, according to the AMMI (Additive Main and Multiplicative Interaction) analysis. According to the ASI stability index, the best genotypes were lines 10 (for flowering days), 9 (for ripening days), 5 (for seed yield), and 12 (for oil). Additionally, lines 4 and 11 were demonstrated to be the stable and high-yielding genotypes based on the two new AMMI-based indices that are currently available: ASP (AMMI Stability Parameter)1 and ASP2. Conclusions: This research successfully identified the most effective and stable camelina lines applying the AMMI procedure, highlighting their potential for breeding advancement. The findings showed also that the ASP1 and ASP2 indices were proactive in evaluating genotype stability and that there was enough genetic variety in the current population to be used in camelina genetic mapping or hybrid breeding projects.
