This experiment was conducted to assess the karyomorphological and morphometric investigations in different ploidy levels of wheat plant consisting 14 genotypes of Triticum aestivum L. in addition to one genotype of Triticum durum Desf. Detailed karyotype features, i.e. total chromosome length (TCL), mean chromosome length (MCL) and karyotype asymmetry expressed as arm ratio (MAR), total form percent (TF %), intrachromosomal (A1) and interchromosomal asymmetry (A2), are also described. The results showed that, TCL values vary between genotypes. Where, the highest value (56.21 μm) is recorded in genotype (2) with mean chromosome length of 8.03 ± 0.81 μm, while the lowest value (31.65 μm) is found in genotype (8) with MCL of 4.52 ± 0.41 μm. Simple Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between TCL and MCL was of the highest (r-1.0 and P = 0.000). While the correlation coefficients between MAR and parameters: TF, A1 and m (karyotype type) and also the coefficient between TF and m and between A1 and m were the only significant (P<0.01) ones. The regression analysis showed that intrachromosomal asymmetry had a significant (P = 0.000) effect of total form percent than interchomosomal index. The results of morphometric investigations revealed, TCL and MCL were of the most important karyological features influencing the principal component analysis (PCA) and in whole had 81.7 % of the variation, while in combination with MAR revealed the 94% of the variation. Notably, it is possible to study the different genotypes of the wheat on the basis of only TCL, MCL and MAR. The cluster analysis classified the genotypes to three categories, so that genotypes ID-10 (diploid) and Sahel-1 (tetraploid) located in separate classes but other genotypes (3x, 4x and 6x) were located in a major class. Interestingly, the cluster dendrogram revealed the close association and adjacent phylogenetic relatedness of tri- and hexaploid and also tetra- and hexaploid genotypes.
