Livestock and poultry waste can be valorized through anaerobic digestion for bioenergy production and greenhouse gas mitigation. This study evaluates the technical, economic, and environmental potential of biogas and electricity generation from livestock and poultry manure in Ilam, Iran. Incorporating practical manure recovery coefficients (Rf) and standardized Biochemical Methane Potential (BMP) parameters, the total daily collectible fresh manure across both counties was determined to be 247,436.9 kg/day, yielding 53,333.2 kg/day of Total Solids (TSrec) and 42,666.5 kg/day of Volatile Solids (VSrec). The total estimated biogas production potential reached 13,438.6 m3/day (approx. 4.91 million m3year), corresponding to a theoretical electricity generation potential of 28,220.9 kWh/day (approx 10.3 GWh/year). Sectoral analysis revealed that poultry manure is the primary contributor, accounting for 44.8% of total biogas yield (6,027.5 m3/day), followed by small ruminants (4,341.7 m3 /day) and cattle (3,069.4 m3 /day). Harnessing this bioenergy resource avoids uncontrolled methane emissions, achieving an overall global warming mitigation potential of approximately 67,060 metric tons CO2-eq/year. Economic evaluation demonstrates that under subsidized electricity tariffs, the payback period exceeds 10 years; however, implementing renewable feed-in tariffs combined with bio-fertilizer sales reduces the payback period to 3.8–4.5 years. These findings provide a realistic, spatially explicit framework for decentralized rural bioenergy planning in semi-arid regions.
