We have reported the preparation of peptide nanofibers decorated with zirconium oxide nanoparticles for the first time as a novel, non-toxic, inexpensive and recyclable catalyst for the amination of aryl halides and synthesis of biaryl and symmetrical sulfides (via reaction of aryl halides with S8 or 2-thiobarbituric acid as sulfur transfer reagents). The structure of the catalyst was studied by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), UV-visible absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy.