Peptide nanofiber has been prepared via a self-assembly protocol and decorated with Cu(I) to prepare a nanostructural catalyst. The catalytic activity of this prepared nanomaterial (Cu(I)-PNF) was examined in C-O and C-S cross-coupling reactions. Compared with conventional copper-ligand catalytic systems, CuNP-PNF has unique advantages such as water solubility, high efficiency, and low cost, which makes it a highly efficient and beneficial catalyst to reuse in cross-coupling reactions.