Purpose: This study evaluates the feasibility of photobioreactor (PBR) façades across architectural, structural, and mechanical-electrical (MEP) domains, identifying interdisciplinary gaps and proposing scalable solutions to advance their global implementation. Design/methodology/approach: A PRISMA 2020-guided systematic mixed-methods review analyzed 82 studies (2013–2025) from six databases and preprint repositories. PICOS criteria structured the evaluation of building-integrated PBR systems against conventional façades, emphasizing energy efficiency, carbon sequestration, and scalability. Dual independent screening (κ = 0.82) ensured reliability, with thematic categorization into architectural, structural, and MEP domains. Findings: Architectural aspects dominated research (91.6% of studies), emphasizing thermal performance, environmental benefits, and climate consideration. Structural engineering received limited attention (15.7%), with gaps in dynamic load management for high-rise applications, despite innovations in graphene-reinforced polymers and 3D/4D printing. MEP systems (47 % coverage) demonstrated AI-driven optimization reducing energy consumption by 25–30%, though system complexity persisted. Geospatial analysis revealed 35% of studies concentrated in Iran, the U.S., and Canada, neglecting climate-vulnerable regions. Modular design and hybrid energy grids emerged as critical enablers for scalability. Originality/value: This review introduces the first integrative framework addressing PBR façade implementation across three interdisciplinary operational domains. Research limitations/implications: The temporal scope (2013–2025) may exclude post-2025 innovations. Structural data scarcity limits conclusions on high-rise adaptability. Future studies should prioritize real-world validations in extreme climates. Practical implications: Policymakers should adopt biomimetic certifications incentivizing cross-domain integration. Practitioners can leverage AI-driven modular designs and decentralized energy networks. Open-source prototyping hubs in vulnerable regions are urged to align innovations with local needs.
