Near infrared hyperspectral, chemical, or spectroscopic imaging is on of the optical analysis techniques that has vast applications in different fields. It combins imaging with spectroscopy technology to acquire the reflectance of materials over 400-2500 nm of electromagnetic spectrum. The technique presents the reflectance in the form of a hypercube to be analysed to differente the spectrally distinctive materials. This ability provides non-destructive applications of hyperspectral imaging to assess internal and external properties of materials. The acquired images are processed to extract different features from selected image channels and then analyzed by statistical or artificial intelligence methods. Hyperspectral imaging has been applied to assess agriculture, natural resources, and food materials. Near infrared hyperspectral imaging technique is briefly described in the present chapter and its applications in agriculture, natural resources, and food have been presented.
