This study explores the development of a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor designed for the detection of dopamine, a key neurotransmitter implicated in various neurological functions and disorders such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, and obesity. The sensor is constructed using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with a novel composite of covalent organic framework (COF) and titanium carbide (TiC) nanostructures. TiC, a transition metal carbide known for its exceptional thermal and chemical stability, enhances the electroactive surface area of the COF, facilitating improved electron transfer and reaction kinetics. The modified electrode exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance, achieving a sensitivity of 882.1 μA/nM cm2 and a low detection limit of 0.03 nM, spanning two linear ranges of 0.1-3.1 nM and 3.2-4.8 nM. Comprehensive electrochemical characterization, including cyclic voltammetry (CV) and amperometric measurements, demonstrates the sensor's excellent selectivity against common interfering substances. Furthermore, the sensor's efficacy was validated using blood serum samples, highlighting its potential for real-world applications in clinical diagnostics and monitoring of dopamine levels. This research highlights the promise of COF/TiC nanostructures for advancing electrochemical sensor technology, with potential for clinical application following further validation.
