Introduction: The skeletal system represents a vital and physiologically complex structure that plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health. This study aimed to investigate the effects of endurance exercise combined with shilajit supplementation on bone health parameters in male Wistar rats at Ilam University, Iran. Materials and Methods: Twenty-eight adult male Wistar rats (200–250 g) were randomly divided into four groups (n=7 per group): Control (no treatment). Shilajit supplementation (150 mg/kg/day, administered orally), Endurance exercise (treadmill running, 5 days/week for 8 weeks), and Combined shilajit supplementation and endurance exercise. Following the 8-week intervention and a 48-hour recovery period, blood samples were collected via cardiac puncture under deep anesthesia after an overnight fast. Serum biomarkers were analyzed using ELISA. Results: The results showed that a period of endurance exercise training along with the shilajit supplementation caused a significant increase in the mean trabecular area of the femur (p=0.001) and an increase in the level of alkaline phosphatase in the blood (p=0.046) compared to the control group. Also, the results showed that there is no significant difference in the cortical thickness of the femur and the number of osteocytes between the different groups. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the beneficial effects of endurance exercise and shilajit supplementation on some bone health indicators. Therefore, combining aerobic exercise with shilajit supplementation may be an effective strategy for improving bone health and preventing bone-related disorders.
