Background: Ethnobotanical knowledge of monocotyledonous plants in Iran is scattered across various local studies. Despite the rich diversity of monocots in the country, a comprehensive review of their medicinal applications has been lacking. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was carried out across multiple reputable databases, including PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, in addition to Persian academic sources and reference textbooks on botany. The time frame covered for this search extended from 1990 through 2026. Scientific names were verified using POWO and WFO. The extracted records encompassed ethnobotanical details, covering the utilized plant components, preparation procedures, and therapeutic roles, were extracted and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2024 and SPSS v.27. Results: A total of 68 medicinal species from 13 monocot families were recorded Poaceae (17 species, 14 genus) and. Amaryllidaceae (15 species, 1 genus) had the highest contribution. The most frequently treated ailments were carminative, general tonic and diuretic (3.4%), antipyretic and sedative (3%). Avena sativa (15 uses), Secale cereale (15 uses) and Cynodon dactylon (13 uses) were identified as the most multipurpose species. Leaf (16%) and Seed (14%) were the most commonly used plant parts. Conclusions: Iranian monocots, especially Allium species, hold significant ethnomedicinal potential. However, lifestyle changes and overharvesting threaten both traditional knowledge and key species. Immediate community-based conservation programs and targeted pharmacological screening are recommended.
