A deep vortex in stirred vessels is highly undesirable because it promotes hydrodynamic cavitation, uncontrolled foaming, impeller unloading, and uneven gas dispersion, while reducing both wall heat-transfer efficiency and controlled mass transfer. An alternative solution is the use of multiple baffles to mitigate these effects. Utilizing the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method, the Multiple Reference Frame (MRF) approach, and the Reynolds stress turbulence model, we assessed how baffle characteristics and shaft eccentricity influence the minimum liquid height (Hmin) and the power number (Np). Using Design of Experiments (DoE) with the CFD model, the results showed that increasing baffle height and shaft eccentricity improve Hmin and Np, while larger baffle angles reduce both. Parameter ranking showed that the baffle angle is most significant for Np, whereas the baffle height is crucial for Hmin. To evaluate Hmin, tangential velocity served as a useful criterion; for Np, baffle torque was used instead. A multi-objective optimization yielded optimal design factors of shaft eccentricity E = 0, baffle height Hb = 0.19 m, and a baffle angle of 26.97°, resulting in Hmin = 0.181 m and Np = 4.487, confirming the effectiveness of baffles in improving vessel performance.
